Many aspiring musicians struggle with the dilemma of choosing the perfect instrument to pursue their musical aspirations. Upon enrolling in a music school, one may require a classical guitar for lessons, which could already be available at home. However, after playing it for some time, one might realize that it doesn’t align with their artistic vision. Alternatively, when visiting a music store, the abundance of guitar options can be overwhelming, especially when lacking knowledge about their distinctions. Therefore, the first step is to determine the styles of music one is most passionate about performing. Furthermore, who is to say that acquiring two instruments (if financially feasible) and reveling in the joy of playing both is not an option?
What is the difference between an acoustic guitar and a classical guitar? The technical side of the question is
Body
The bodies of most classical guitars are comparatively smaller, particularly when contrasted with Western guitars that boast wide and robust bodies. However, if we consider a “parlor” or “folk” guitar, their size not only becomes comparable but even falls short of some classical guitars. Placing two guitars “back to back” reveals a noticeable disparity in the width of their bodies.
Fingerboard
The choice of guitar is also contingent on one’s desired precision in playing. A classical guitar features a slightly broader fingerboard. The reason behind this is the emphasis on clarity in each note in this genre of music. Therefore, the greater spacing between the strings facilitates easier finger placement. In contrast, during an acoustic performance, a couple of “underpressed” notes may not be as discernible. Additionally, a wider fingerboard proves advantageous for young students as it allows ample “room” for their fingertips to accurately locate and hit the notes. However, this is more suitable for individuals with broad palms or elongated fingers. Furthermore, the spacing between the strings at the 3rd fret and the 15th fret remains proportionate, unlike the slight narrowing observed in acoustic guitars.
Strings
The disparity between an acoustic guitar and a classical guitar also lies in their strings. Acoustic guitars predominantly feature metal strings, although nylon strings are occasionally used to alleviate the challenges posed by thick and rigid strings. However, this compromises the richness of the sound since nylon strings are designed for different purposes.
Nylon strings are exclusively employed on classical guitars, although instances of metal strings being used have been observed. Nonetheless, such practice is not recommended as it significantly increases the likelihood of distorting the soundboard, warping the fingerboard, and so forth.
Neck Attachment
On acoustic guitars, the neck is affixed to the body at the 14th fret, whereas on classical guitars, it is attached at the 12th fret. The two-unit difference may not be crucial, but when playing at higher frets, one immediately notices that their hand comes into contact with the body, thereby making it more challenging to reach the strings, particularly the bass strings. This can be easily verified by playing a C major scale or any other scale around the 12th fret, which provides immediate clarity on the matter.
Varied String Mounting on the Bridge
Distinct bridge designs result in different methods of replacing a worn-out set of strings. The acoustic bridge typically comprises a solid plate with perforations. Each string’s “tail” descends into these grooves (within the body) and is secured by a specialized bushing with a slit (pin, boss). In classical guitars, however, the strings are threaded through holes on the exterior and secured with knots. The strings are wound in a similar manner, threading through the mechanism and tightening the tuning peg. Nevertheless, in classical guitars, one must grip the string’s end to prevent the knot from coming undone.
The Presence of an Anchor and a Glued Neck
The disparity between guitars is also evident in the absence of an anchor rod in classical guitars. This feature is installed in acoustic guitars to safeguard the neck against deformation. Consequently, the fingerboard of a classical guitar is wider and thicker. Additionally, the fingerboard of a classical guitar is affixed with adhesive, while in acoustic guitars, it is bolted to the body.
Tuning Mechanisms
Furthermore, there is a distinction in the tuning mechanisms, with metal ones predominating in popular instruments. These mechanisms can be open or closed. Classical guitars mostly feature open mechanisms, necessitating caution against dirt and mechanical damage. However, they can be regularly lubricated, ensuring the longevity and robustness of the strings.
Spring System within the Body
Popular instruments employ a spring system that overlaps and encloses the guides in areas experiencing the highest load. On the other hand, classical guitars more commonly employ a fan spring system, which distributes the load throughout the body. In the latter case, the instrument experiences significantly less stress, thereby eliminating the need for frame reinforcement. The spring system in the former example enables the installation of metal strings while providing reliable protection against deformation. Moreover, guitars employing this technology retain their tuning for longer periods and deliver high-quality sound output.
Fret Markers on the Fingerboard
It is commonplace for Western and jumbo guitars to feature dots on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc. frets, both on the fretboard itself and along its edge. These markers serve as points of reference for fret numbering and indicate the tonic and reference intervals of scales. In classical guitars, such markers are positioned along the edge of the fingerboard.
Number of Strings
Classical guitars typically have six strings, while popular guitars come in variations of six, seven, twelve, and other rarer configurations.
Absence of a “Cutaway” Notch for Accessing High Frets
Many Western guitars (including electro-acoustic models), jumbos, and auditorium guitars feature a cutaway notch around the 12th or 14th fret to facilitate playing higher notes. However, music school and conservatory students generally do not have guitars with such notches, as it is believed to affect sound characteristics. Nevertheless, skilled craftsmen can incorporate cutaways in classical guitars as well.
Presence of Strap Buttons
Guitars also differ in terms of strap attachment. Dreadnoughts and related models are commonly used for “standing” performances and require strap buttons. In contrast, Flamenco and Spanish guitars, due to their specific ergonomic design, do not necessitate the use of straps as an additional accessory.
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The difference between an acoustic guitar and a classical guitar – playing Instruments
Playing Techniques
Varied genres demand distinct playing techniques across different guitar types. The realm of pop music entails the use of a plectrum. Metal strings produce a resounding and crystalline tone, and they are particularly suited for techniques that prove cumbersome when played with fingers alone. Fingerstyle playing, often accompanied by percussive tapping on the body, can risk damage. Therefore, the latter technique is traditionally executed using fingers, specifically employing the right hand’s nails. While flamenco and gypsy repertoires extensively employ techniques like rasgeado and bang, they do not take precedence, and specialized guitars with reinforced soundboards are often employed for these purposes.
Sound and volume
Classical guitars emanate a warm and mellow sound, originally intended for intimate chamber performances, thus not emphasizing sheer loudness. In contrast, dreadnought guitars resonate with a vibrant and piercing sound, imbued with a hint of “metallic” timbre.
Absence of a Golpeador
A golpeador refers to a special plate affixed on the guitar’s top (under the soundhole) to safeguard it against mechanical damage. When playing with a plectrum on acoustic guitars, the top can be prone to impact. Expressive strumming may lead to scratches or even punctures on the surface. Classical guitars, however, eschew the use of a golpeador. Nevertheless, they are often applied to flamenco instruments or custom-made by artisans at the request of customers.
Variances in Posture and Auxiliary Equipment
Classical guitar playing adheres to strict guidelines regarding posture and instrument positioning. It should rest upon the left leg, with the neck inclined at a 45-degree angle. Professionals often utilize a footrest, providing steadfast support. Conversely, there are no rigid regulations for performers of other genres. Consequently, the instrument is frequently positioned on the right leg without any specific support.
Plectrum Usage
Classical guitars are not played with a plectrum, as the nature of their sound does not benefit from increased volume or intensity. Moreover, plectrums tend to slip off the nylon strings.
Superior Tuning Stability of Acoustic Guitars
The body structure, acoustic spring system, and steel strings of acoustic guitars contribute to prolonged tuning stability.
Distinct Applicability to Playing Styles
In addition to their technical disparities, acoustic and classical guitars are distinguished by their repertoire:
Classical:
- Classical compositions from various eras (baroque, classicism, neoclassicism);
- Brazilian music genres (bossa nova, samba);
- Gypsy music styles (gypsy jazz, folk);
- Romantic repertoire;
- Spanish music, particularly flamenco.
Acoustic:
- Country music;
- Popular music genres (pop, pop rock);
- Rock and Roll;
- Blues and bluegrass.
Conclusion
The disparities among guitars are not of such magnitude as to unconditionally advocate for a singular choice. Both classical and pop musicians frequently explore diverse playing techniques and experiment with various instruments. Nonetheless, understanding the distinctions between guitars holds value, enabling you to ascertain your objectives, which you will comprehend alongside your newfound muse.